FOURTH SEMESTER ZOOLOGY
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY, CELLULAR METABOLISM AND
EMBRYOLOGY
UNIT I Animal Physiology - I
1.1 Process of digestion and assimilation
1.2 Respiration - Pulmonary ventilation, transport of oxygen and CO2
(Note: Need not study cellular respiration here)
1.3 Circulation - Structure and functioning of heart, Cardiac cycle
1.4 Excretion - Structure and functions of kidney urine formation, counter current
Mechanism
UN IT II Animal Physiology - II
2.1Nerve impulse transmission - Resting membrane potential, origin and
propagation of action potentials along myelinated and non-myelinated nerve
fibers
2.2Muscle contraction - Ultra structure of muscle, molecular and chemical basis of
muscle contraction
2.3 Endocrine glands - Structure, functions of hormones of pituitary, thyroid,
parathyroid, adrenal glands and pancreas
2.4 Hormonal control of reproduction in a mammal
UNIT- III Cellular Metabolism – I (Bio molecules)
3.1 Carbohydrates - Classification of carbohydrates. Structure of glucose
3.2 Proteins - Classification of proteins. General properties of amino acids
3.3 Lipids - Classification of lipids
3.4 Enzymes: Classification and Mechanism of Action
UNITIV Cellular Metabolism – II
4.1Carbohydrate Metabolism - Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain,
Glycogen metabolism, Gluconeogenesis
4.2 Lipid Metabolism – β-oxidation of palmitic acid
4.3 Protein metabolism - Transamination, Deamination and Urea Cycle
Unit – V Embryology
5.1 Gametogenesis
5.2 Fertilization
5.3 Types of eggs
5.4 Types of cleavages
5. 5 Development of Frog up to formation of primary germ layers