SECOND SEMESTER BOTANY
Basics of Vascular plants and Phytogeography
Unit – 1:Pteridophytes
1. General characteristics of Pteridophyta; classification of Smith
(1955)uptodivisions.
2. Occurrence, morphology,anatomy, reproduction (developmental details are
notneeded) and life historyof (a) Lycopodium (Lycopsida) and (b) Marsilea
(Filicopsida).
3. Stelar evolution in Pteridophytes;
4. Heterospory and seed habit.
5. Brief account of Azolla as biofertilizer.
Unit – 2: Gymnosperms 14 Hrs.
1. General characteristics of Gymnosperms; Sporneclassification uptoclasses.
2. Occurrence, morphology, anatomy, reproduction (developmental details are not
needed) and life history of (a) Cycas(Cycadopsida) and (b) Gnetum (Gnetopsida).
3. Outlines of geological time scale.
4. A brief account on Cycadeoidea.
Unit – 3:Basic aspects of Taxonomy
1. Aim and scope of taxonomy; Species concept: Taxonomic hierarchy, species,
genus and family.
2. Plant nomenclature: Binomial system, ICBN- rules for nomenclature.
3. Herbarium and its techniques,BSI herbarium and Kew herbarium; concept of
digital herbaria.
4. Bentham and Hooker system of classification;
5. Systematic description and economic importance of the following families:
(a) Annonaceae (b) Curcurbitaceae
Unit – 4: Systematic Taxonomy
1.Systematic description and economic importance of the following families:
(a) Asteraceae (b) Asclepiadaceae (c)Amaranthaceae(d) Euphorbiaceae
(e) Arecaceaeand (f) Poaceae
2. Outlines of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG IV).
Unit – 5:Phytogeography
1. Principles of Phytogeography, Distribution (wides, endemic, discontinuous species)
2. Endemism – types and causes.
3. Phytogeographic regions of World.
4. Phytogeographic regions of India.
5. Vegetation types in Andhra Pradesh.